MSYS2 的日常操作

在自己的 Windows 10 系统上使用 MSYS2 已经有段时间了，Windows 上的类 *nix 工作环境简直不要太完美，办事效率杠杠的（如果没事少折腾的话）。为啥不用 Cygwin？因为很卡很慢，连 DUANG 的特效也拯救不了它，而且它的 POSIX 权限问题会把文件系统弄的一团糟。下面开始记录从刚开始的小白逐渐成为现在熟练使用的大牛大白的辛酸历程…

MSYS2 安装与配置

这里主要参考 MSYS2开发环境搭建。

下载 MSYS2 installer，建议安装路径不要包含空格（个人装在了 D:\MSYS2 下）

安装完毕后，开始菜单中生成的三个快捷方式为：

1
2
3

MSYS2 MinGW 32-bit - D:\MSYS2\msys2_shell.cmd -mingw32
MSYS2 MinGW 64-bit - D:\MSYS2\msys2_shell.cmd -mingw64
MSYS2 MSYS         - D:\MSYS2\msys2_shell.cmd -msys

修改软件源，修改 /etc/pacman.d/ 目录下的三个文件，换上清华的 repo，.msys，.mingw32，.mingw64 分别对应 MSYS2 里的三套系统，分别在三个文件最上方填写（注意对应）：
1
2
3
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/msys/$arch
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/i686
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/x86_64
任选一个（mingw32.exe，mingw64.exe，msys2.exe）进入 MSYS2 的终端，更新系统：
1
pacman -Syu
提示需退出后更新, 强行关闭后重进, 再重复上述命令即可。更新其他包:
1
pacman -Su

安装开发工具链：

pacman -S base-devel
pacman -S gcc
pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain
pacman -S mingw-w64-i686-toolchain
pacman -S mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-clang
pacman -S mingw32/mingw-w64-i686-clang

添加环境变量 PATH。由于个人 PATH 中存有 Perl 的开发工具路径，所以考虑将 MSYS2 的路径置于其后：
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
...
\Strawberry\perl\bin
\Strawberry\perl\site\bin
\MSYS2\usr\bin
\MSYS2\mingw64\bin
\Strawberry\c\bin
...

个性化设置

自动挂载文件

/etc/fstab

# For a description of the file format, see the Users Guide
# http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using.html#mount-table
# DO NOT REMOVE NEXT LINE. It remove cygdrive prefix from path
none / cygdrive binary,posix=0,noacl,user 0 0
C:\Users\xxx\Desktop /desktop
D:\MSYS2\home\xxx\Notes /notes
F:\WorkingDirectory\Work\__current /current

配置文件

于个人 home 目录中，个性化各种配置：

比如与 mintty 相关的配置：

.minttyrc

BoldAsFont=no
BoldAsColour=yes
BoldColour=255,255,128
Font=SauceCodePro NF
FontIsBold=no
FontHeight=10
RowSpacing=1
ShowHiddenFonts=yes
CursorColour=255,255,0
Transparency=high
Locale=en_US
Charset=UTF-8
BellType=0
CursorType=block
CursorBlinks=no
Term=xterm
Columns=135
Rows=35
CtrlShiftShortcuts=no
Scrollbar=none
ClicksTargetApp=yes
ForegroundColour=223,223,223

比如常用的 .bashrc：

.bashrc

# To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all
# copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to the
# public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
# You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along
# with this software.
# If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for interactive shells.

# The copy in your home directory (~/.bashrc) is yours, please
# feel free to customise it to create a shell
# environment to your liking.  If you feel a change
# would be benifitial to all, please feel free to send
# a patch to the msys2 mailing list.

# User dependent .bashrc file

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
[[ "$-" != *i* ]] && return

# Shell Options
#
# See man bash for more options...
#
# Don't wait for job termination notification
# set -o notify
#
# Don't use ^D to exit
# set -o ignoreeof
#
# Use case-insensitive filename globbing
# shopt -s nocaseglob
#
# Make bash append rather than overwrite the history on disk
# shopt -s histappend
#
# When changing directory small typos can be ignored by bash
# for example, cd /vr/lgo/apaache would find /var/log/apache
# shopt -s cdspell

# Completion options
#
# These completion tuning parameters change the default behavior of bash_completion:
#
# Define to access remotely checked-out files over passwordless ssh for CVS
# COMP_CVS_REMOTE=1
#
# Define to avoid stripping description in --option=description of './configure --help'
# COMP_CONFIGURE_HINTS=1
#
# Define to avoid flattening internal contents of tar files
# COMP_TAR_INTERNAL_PATHS=1
#
# Uncomment to turn on programmable completion enhancements.
# Any completions you add in ~/.bash_completion are sourced last.
# [[ -f /etc/bash_completion ]] && . /etc/bash_completion

# History Options
#
# Don't put duplicate lines in the history.
# export HISTCONTROL=$HISTCONTROL${HISTCONTROL+,}ignoredups
#
# Ignore some controlling instructions
# HISTIGNORE is a colon-delimited list of patterns which should be excluded.
# The '&' is a special pattern which suppresses duplicate entries.
# export HISTIGNORE=$'[ \t]*:&:[fb]g:exit'
# export HISTIGNORE=$'[ \t]*:&:[fb]g:exit:ls' # Ignore the ls command as well
#
# Whenever displaying the prompt, write the previous line to disk
# export PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a"

# Aliases
#
# Some people use a different file for aliases
# if [ -f "${HOME}/.bash_aliases" ]; then
#   source "${HOME}/.bash_aliases"
# fi
#
# Some example alias instructions
# If these are enabled they will be used instead of any instructions
# they may mask.  For example, alias rm='rm -i' will mask the rm
# application.  To override the alias instruction use a \ before, ie
# \rm will call the real rm not the alias.
#
# Interactive operation...
# alias rm='rm -i'
# alias cp='cp -i'
# alias mv='mv -i'
#
# Default to human readable figures
alias df='df -h'
alias du='du -h'
#
# Misc :)
alias less='less -r'                          # raw control characters
alias whence='type -a'                        # where, of a sort
alias grep='grep --color'                     # show differences in colour
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'              # show differences in colour
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'              # show differences in colour
#
# Some shortcuts for different directory listings
alias ls='ls -hF --color=tty'                 # classify files in colour
alias dir='ls --color=auto --format=vertical'
alias vdir='ls --color=auto --format=long'
alias ll='ls -l'                              # long list
alias la='ls -A'                              # all but . and ..
alias l='ls -CF'                              #
alias hexopull='cd ~/Hexo && git fetch --all && git reset --hard origin/master && git pull'
alias hexopush='cd ~/Hexo && hexo clean && hexo g -d && git add -A && git commit -m "update" && git push origin master'
alias algpull='cd ~/alg && git fetch --all && git reset --hard origin/master && git pull'
alias algpush='cd ~/alg && hexo clean && hexo g -d && git add -A && git commit -m "update" && git push origin master'
alias hexodebug='hexo clean && hexo g && hexo s --debug'

# Umask
#
# /etc/profile sets 022, removing write perms to group + others.
# Set a more restrictive umask: i.e. no exec perms for others:
# umask 027
# Paranoid: neither group nor others have any perms:
# umask 077

# Functions
#
# Some people use a different file for functions
# if [ -f "${HOME}/.bash_functions" ]; then
#   source "${HOME}/.bash_functions"
# fi
#
# Some example functions:
#
# a) function settitle
# settitle ()
# {
#   echo -ne "\e]2;$@\a\e]1;$@\a";
# }
#
# b) function cd_func
# This function defines a 'cd' replacement function capable of keeping,
# displaying and accessing history of visited directories, up to 10 entries.
# To use it, uncomment it, source this file and try 'cd --'.
# acd_func 1.0.5, 10-nov-2004
# Petar Marinov, http:/geocities.com/h2428, this is public domain
# cd_func ()
# {
#   local x2 the_new_dir adir index
#   local -i cnt
#
#   if [[ $1 ==  "--" ]]; then
#     dirs -v
#     return 0
#   fi
#
#   the_new_dir=$1
#   [[ -z $1 ]] && the_new_dir=$HOME
#
#   if [[ ${the_new_dir:0:1} == '-' ]]; then
#     #
#     # Extract dir N from dirs
#     index=${the_new_dir:1}
#     [[ -z $index ]] && index=1
#     adir=$(dirs +$index)
#     [[ -z $adir ]] && return 1
#     the_new_dir=$adir
#   fi
#
#   #
#   # '~' has to be substituted by ${HOME}
#   [[ ${the_new_dir:0:1} == '~' ]] && the_new_dir="${HOME}${the_new_dir:1}"
#
#   #
#   # Now change to the new dir and add to the top of the stack
#   pushd "${the_new_dir}" > /dev/null
#   [[ $? -ne 0 ]] && return 1
#   the_new_dir=$(pwd)
#
#   #
#   # Trim down everything beyond 11th entry
#   popd -n +11 2>/dev/null 1>/dev/null
#
#   #
#   # Remove any other occurence of this dir, skipping the top of the stack
#   for ((cnt=1; cnt <= 10; cnt++)); do
#     x2=$(dirs +${cnt} 2>/dev/null)
#     [[ $? -ne 0 ]] && return 0
#     [[ ${x2:0:1} == '~' ]] && x2="${HOME}${x2:1}"
#     if [[ "${x2}" == "${the_new_dir}" ]]; then
#       popd -n +$cnt 2>/dev/null 1>/dev/null
#       cnt=cnt-1
#     fi
#   done
#
#   return 0
# }
#
# alias cd=cd_func

alias grep='grep --color=auto --exclude-dir={.bzr,CVS,.git,.hg,.svn}'
alias e=explorer
alias giturl='curl -i https://git.io -F'
alias poweroff='(shutdown -s -t 0 &); (net stop autossh_5679 &);'
alias reboot='(shutdown -r -t 0 &); (net stop autossh_5679 &);'
# alias uptime='net stats server | grep -P -o "[\d/]+.*M$" --color=never'
alias lcd='/e/UtilityPrograms/_exe/TurnOffLCD.exe'
# alias pb='~/App/pastebinit/pastebinit -b http://paste.ubuntu.com'
# alias pb='~/App/pastebinit/pastebinit -b http://paste.ubuntu.org.cn'
alias wolfram='winpty /e/Mathematica/11.1/wolfram'
alias loginpc='cygrunsrv -S autossh_5679'
alias viz='vim `which z`'
alias memopull='cd ~/memos && git fetch --all && git reset --hard origin/master && git pull'
alias memopush='cd ~/memos && hexo clean && hexo g -d && git add -A && git commit -m "update" && git push origin master'

HISTTIMEFORMAT='%F %T '
HISTCONTROL=erasedups
HISTIGNORE="ls:pwd:cd:clear:vim:fg:bg:jobs:top:htop"

export LESS_TERMCAP_mb=$(printf '\e[01;31m') # enter blinking mode - red
export LESS_TERMCAP_md=$(printf '\e[01;35m') # enter double-bright mode - bold, magenta
export LESS_TERMCAP_me=$(printf '\e[0m') # turn off all appearance modes (mb, md, so, us)
export LESS_TERMCAP_se=$(printf '\e[0m') # leave standout mode
export LESS_TERMCAP_so=$(printf '\e[01;33m') # enter standout mode - yellow
export LESS_TERMCAP_ue=$(printf '\e[0m') # leave underline mode
export LESS_TERMCAP_us=$(printf '\e[04;36m') # enter underline mode - cyan

# export http_proxy="http://192.168.1.102:1888/"
# export https_proxy="https://192.168.1.102:1888/"
# export ftp_proxy="ftp://192.168.1.102:1888/"

# export PS1="[\[\e[01;33m\]foo\[\e[37;40m\]@\[\e[34;40m\]PHANTOM \[\e[37;40m\]\t \[\e[34;40m\]\W\[\e[0m\]]$ "
export PS1="[ \[\e[37;40m\]\t \[\e[34;40m\]\W\[\e[0m\] ]$ "
export GTAGSLIBPATH=$GTAGSLIBPATH:/usr/include/
export HISTFILESIZE=50000
export HISTSIZE=50000

export PATH=$PATH:~/App/bin
export PATH=$PATH:/e/Nodejs
export PATH=$PATH:/c/Users/Liang/AppData/Roaming/npm
export PATH=$PATH:/e/MySQL/bin
export PATH=$PATH:/d/Java/jdk-10/bin
export PATH=$PATH:/f/WorkingDirectory/Bin
export PATH=$PATH:/e/TexLive/2018/bin/win32
export PATH=$PATH:/e/R/bin/x64
export PATH=$PATH:/f/WorkingDirectory/Bin
export PATH=$PATH:/c/Users/Liang/AppData/Roaming/local/bin

# STACK_ROOT=/f/HaskellStack

比如 Git 需要代理:

.gitconfig

[user]
    name = michaelHL
    email = lbgnmic@gmail.com
[github]
    user = michaelHL
[http]
    proxy = socks5://127.0.0.1:1888

比如忽略大小写的 .inputrc：

.inputrc

# To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all 
# copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to the 
# public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty. 
# You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along 
# with this software. 
# If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>. 

# ~/.inputrc: readline initialization file.

# The copy in your home directory (~/.inputrc) is yours, please
# feel free to customise it to create a shell
# environment to your liking.  If you feel a change
# would be benifitial to all, please feel free to send
# a patch to the msys2 mailing list.

# the following line is actually
# equivalent to "\C-?": delete-char
# "\e[3~": delete-char

# VT
# "\e[1~": beginning-of-line
# "\e[4~": end-of-line

# kvt
# "\e[H": beginning-of-line
# "\e[F": end-of-line

# rxvt and konsole (i.e. the KDE-app...)
# "\e[7~": beginning-of-line
# "\e[8~": end-of-line

# VT220
# "\eOH": beginning-of-line
# "\eOF": end-of-line

# Allow 8-bit input/output
# set meta-flag on
# set convert-meta off
# set input-meta on
# set output-meta on
#$if Bash
  # Don't ring bell on completion
  set bell-style none

  # or, don't beep at me - show me
  #set bell-style visible

  # Show all instead of beeping first
  set show-all-if-ambiguous off

  # Filename completion/expansion
  set completion-ignore-case on
  #set show-all-if-ambiguous on

  # Expand homedir name
  #set expand-tilde on

  # Append "/" to all dirnames
  #set mark-directories on
  #set mark-symlinked-directories on

  # visible-stats
  # Append a mark according to the file type in a listing
  set visible-stats off
  set mark-directories on

  # Match all files
  #set match-hidden-files on

  # 'Magic Space'
  # Insert a space character then performs
  # a history expansion in the line
  #Space: magic-space
#$endif

# MSYSTEM is emacs based
$if mode=emacs
  # Common to Console & RXVT
  "\C-?": backward-kill-line         # Ctrl-BackSpace
  "\e[2~": paste-from-clipboard      # "Ins. Key"
  "\e[5~": beginning-of-history      # Page up
  "\e[6~": end-of-history            # Page down

  $if term=msys # RXVT
    "\e[7~": beginning-of-line      # Home Key
    "\e[8~": end-of-line            # End Key
    "\e[11~": display-shell-version # F1
    "\e[15~": re-read-init-file     # F5
    "\e[12~": "Function Key 2"
    "\e[13~": "Function Key 3"
    "\e[14~": "Function Key 4"
    "\e[17~": "Function Key 6"
    "\e[18~": "Function Key 7"
    "\e[19~": "Function Key 8"
    "\e[20~": "Function Key 9"
    "\e[21~": "Function Key 10"
  $else
  # Eh, normal Console is not really cygwin anymore, is it? Using 'else' instead. -mstormo
  # $if term=cygwin # Console
    "\e[1~": beginning-of-line      # Home Key
    "\e[4~": end-of-line            # End Key
    "\e[3~": delete-char      # Delete Key
    "\e\e[C": forward-word      # Alt-Right
    "\e\e[D": backward-word      # Alt-Left
    "\e[1;5C": forward-word   # ctrl + right
    "\e[1;5D": backward-word  # ctrl + left 
    "\e[17~": "Function Key 6"
    "\e[18~": "Function Key 7"
    "\e[19~": "Function Key 8"
    "\e[20~": "Function Key 9"
    "\e[21~": "Function Key 10"
    "\e[23~": "Function Key 11"
  $endif
$endif

比如 Vim 配置文件 .vimrc

编译 Vim

pacman -S ncurses-devel libcrypt-devel
./configure --with-features=huge \
            --enable-luainterp=yes \
            --enable-perlinterp=yes \
            --enable-pythoninterp=yes \
            --enable-python3interp=yes \
            --with-lua-prefix=/usr/local \
            --enable-fontset=yes \
            --enable-cscope=yes \
            --enable-multibyte \
            --disable-gui \
            --enable-fail-if-missing \
            --prefix=/usr/local \
            --with-compiledby='Professional operations'

这里提醒自己下，折腾有度，比如尝试在 MSYS2 中编译 ycm 十几次未遂这种行为是不可取的。

替换默认终端

将自带的 Mintty 换成 Windows 下很棒的终端模拟器：ConEmu。

设置为默认的系统终端程序，替换掉残废的 cmd：Settings - Integration - Default term - Force ConEmu as default terminal for console applications
如果希望「劫持」某些程序调试时使用的终端程序（比如 VS 在调试时会唤起系统默认的 cmd），在下面的输入框中填入 explorer.exe|devenv.exe
对于 MSYS2 的集成：
1. 新建 Task：set MSYSTEM=MINGW64 & "/path/to/MSYS-connector -cur_console:n"
2. Connector 网址：cygwin-connector，不同版本的设置如下：
  - Cygwin：conemu-cyg-32.exe and conemu-cyg-64.exe
  - MSYS 1.0：conemu-msys-32.exe
  - MSYS 2.0：conemu-msys2-32.exe and conemu-msys2-64.exe
  复制到 sh.exe 同目录下即可

启动时的相关设定（Settings - Startup - Environment）：

1
2
3

set PATH=%ConEmuBaseDir%\Scripts;%PATH%
chcp utf-8
set LANG=en_US.utf-8

当前的配置文件 conemu.xml

新版本的 ConEmu 已经自带了适配各种系统下的 connector，所以在 Task 里面关于 connector 的路径直接填写其程序名即可。（见 cygwin/msys terminal connector）

题外话 - Sublime Text 调用 ConEmu

对于一般程序，在设置中的 Integration - Default term - List of ... 中添加程序，ConEmu 将被自动唤起以替代 cmd，但添加 Sublime Text 的 sublime_text.exe 并没有反应，只能曲线救国，比如 C 类型文件的编译配置文件 C.sublime-build：

C.sublime-build

{
    // "shell_cmd": "gcc -std=c11 -Wall -s \"${file}\" -o \"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\" && \"${file_path}/${file_base_name}\"",
    "shell_cmd": "/path/to/conemu /single -run cmd /c -cur_console:n \"gcc -std=c11 -Wall -s ${file} -o ${file_path}/${file_base_name} && ${file_path}/${file_base_name} & pause \"",
    "file_regex": "^(..[^:]*):([0-9]+):?([0-9]+)?:? (.*)$",
    "working_dir": "${file_path}",
    "selector": "source.c"
}

问题

如果发现程序的输出被缓冲：可尝试利用工具 winpty
git clone 时出现字符相关的奇怪问题：使用 MSYS 而不是 MinGW64 或者 MinGW32
2018-02-09 ncurses 版本升级为 ncurses-6.1.20180127-1-x86_64 后 ConEmu 终端会出现各种光标问题，可通过回退版本至 ncurses-6.0.20170708-2-x86_64 来解决：
1
2
pacman -R ncurses-devel
pacman -U ncurses-6.0.20170708-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz --force

2018-02-10 如果集成在 VSCode 中的 MSYS2 也出现上述情况, 可考虑直接使用 connector：

settings.json

1
2
3

{
    "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "E:/UtilityPrograms/ConEmu/ConEmu/conemu-msys2-64.exe",
}

或者如果仅需为清屏设置快捷键：

keybindings.json

{
    "key": "ctrl+l",
    "command": "workbench.action.terminal.clear",
    "when": "terminalFocus"
}